Ceramic Heat Data Chart







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Text and Artwork:
Copyright © 2009 Beth E Peterson.
All rights reserved.


Approximate Ceramic Heat Data
Please Note: All cone temperature values are only approximated. The firing ramp, especially during the final two hours of the firing, can greatly effect the actual temperature at which any given cone matures.
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Cone # °F °C Incandescence Range Notes
14 2525 1390 Brilliant White High-Fire End Porcelain Range
13 2460 1350 Brilliant White High-Fire Porcelain
12 2375 1310 White High-Fire Porcelain
11 2340 1285 White High-Fire Porcelain, End Stoneware Range
10 2300 1260 White High-Fire Stoneware, Begin Porcelain Range
9 2280 1250 White High-Fire Stoneware
8 2240 1225 White High-Fire Begin Stoneware Range
7 2210 1210 Yellow-White Mid-Fire End Mid-Fire Stoneware & Clay Bodies
6 2175 1190 Yellow-White Mid-Fire Mid-Fire Stoneware & Clay Bodies
5 2160 1180 Yellow-White Mid-Fire Mid-Fire Stoneware & Clay Bodies
4 2130 1165 Yellow Mid-Fire Mid-Fire Bodies, End Earthenware Range
3 2095 1145 Yellow Lower Mid-Fire Mid-Fire Bodies, Earthenware
2 2080 1135 Yellow Lower Mid-Fire Begin Mid-Fire Clay Body Range, Earthenware
1 2060 1125 Yellow Lower Mid-Fire Earthenware -- Note there's no "0" cone
01 2030 1110 Yellow Lower Mid-Fire Earthenware -- Note the "0" is similar to a negative sign
02 2000 1095 Yellow-Orange Low-Fire Earthenware, Mullite and cristobalite begin forming
03 1980 1080 Yellow-Orange Low-Fire Earthenware
04 1920 1050 Yellow-Orange Low-Fire Earthenware, End Bisque Firing Range
05 1880 1030 Orange Low-Fire Earthenware, Bisque Fring
06 1840 1005 Orange Low-Fire Bisque, Begin Earthenware (inc. other Low-Fire Clays) Range
07 1785 975 Orange Low-Fire Bisque Firing
08 1735 945 Red-Orange Low-Fire Begin Bisque Firing Range
09 1705 930 Red-Orange Low-Fire ***
010 1635 890 Red-Orange Low-Fire End Sintering Range, End Glass Work Range
011 1605 875 Red-Orange Low-Fire Sintering, Glass Work
012 1545 840 Red-Orange Low-Fire Sintering, Glass Work, End Fuming Range
013 1485 805 Cherry Red Very Low-Fire Sintering, Glass Work, End Carbon Burn Range, Fuming
014 1395 760 Cherry Red Very Low-Fire Begin Glass Range (Slumping & Fusing), Carbon Burn, Fuming
015 1380 750 Cherry Red Very Low-Fire Carbon Burn Out, Fuming
016 1370 740 Dull Red Very Low-Fire Carbon Burn Out, Fuming, End Overglaze Range
017 1330 705 Dull Red Very Low-Fire Carbon Burn, End Water Smoking Range, Overglaze, Fuming
018 1260 680 Dull Red Very Low-Fire Carbon Burn Out & Water Smoking, Overglaze, Fuming
019 1225 660 Dull Red Very Low-Fire Carbon Burn Out & Water Smoking, Overglaze, Fuming
020 1159 625 Dark Red Very Low-Fire Carbon Burn Out & Water Smoking, Overglaze, Fuming
021 1110 600 Dark Red Very Low-Fire Carbon Burn Out & Water Smoking, Overglaze, Fuming
022 1085 590 Dark Red Very Low-Fire Carbon Burn Out & Water Smoking Already in Progress
Begin Overglaze (China Paints) & Fuming Ranges